Biography of Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884–1963)
Dr. Rajendra Prasad, born on December 3, 1884, in Ziradei, Bihar, was a distinguished Indian statesman, freedom fighter, and the first President of independent India. He was an embodiment of dedication, humility, and resilience, and his contributions to India’s freedom struggle and governance remain significant in Indian history. Rajendra Prasad’s journey from a small village in Bihar to becoming the head of the nation is a story of hard work, selflessness, and patriotism.
Early Life and Education
Rajendra Prasad was born into a devout Kayastha family, where his father, Mahadev Sahai, was a scholar of Persian and Sanskrit, and his mother, Kamleshwari Devi, was a deeply religious woman. He displayed remarkable intelligence from a young age and was known for his academic excellence. At just five years old, he was sent to study Persian at a local school and then moved to a chaplain-run school in Chhapra. Later, he attended the prestigious Calcutta University, where he excelled in various subjects.
While studying at Presidency College in Calcutta, he obtained a scholarship due to his outstanding academic performance and went on to pursue a degree in law. His education equipped him with the skills and knowledge that would later fuel his involvement in the independence movement. Despite his academic responsibilities, he remained active in social causes, and his time in Calcutta exposed him to the political atmosphere that was simmering across India.
The Call to Freedom
Rajendra Prasad’s entry into the freedom movement began when he was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s ideology of non-violence and civil disobedience. In 1917, he joined Gandhi’s Champaran movement, which aimed to protest against the exploitation of indigo farmers by British landlords. Prasad’s involvement in the Champaran Satyagraha marked his commitment to Gandhi’s cause, and he subsequently became one of Gandhi’s most trusted associates.
During the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920, Prasad gave up his lucrative law practice and dedicated himself entirely to the freedom struggle. He encouraged people to boycott British institutions and spoke passionately about the need for a free and self-sustaining India. As a result of his dedication, he was arrested multiple times by British authorities, but these hardships only strengthened his resolve to fight for India’s independence.
Leadership in the Congress
Rajendra Prasad rose to prominence within the Indian National Congress, the main political vehicle of the independence movement. His honesty, hard work, and humility earned him widespread respect. He was elected president of the Congress Party three times—in 1934, 1939, and 1947—and played a pivotal role in shaping its policies and strategies. He was instrumental in guiding the party through critical phases, including World War II and the Quit India Movement, where his leadership helped unify Indians in the fight for freedom.
Prasad’s relationship with Gandhi continued to influence his political decisions. He remained a steadfast supporter of Gandhi’s principles, advocating for non-violence and self-sufficiency through initiatives like the Khadi movement. His administrative skills and deep understanding of India’s rural landscape also made him a key figure in reaching out to the masses and rallying them to the nationalist cause.
India’s First President
After India gained independence in 1947, Rajendra Prasad was a natural choice to serve as President of the Constituent Assembly, responsible for framing the Indian Constitution. His legal acumen and knowledge of Indian society enabled him to lead the assembly in crafting a constitution that would serve the needs of a diverse nation.
In 1950, when India became a republic, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the first President of India, a role he held with great honor and dedication. Known for his simplicity and integrity, he lived a humble life, even refusing special privileges that he felt were unnecessary. As President, Prasad maintained a non-partisan position, always striving to balance the interests of various political parties. He was re-elected in 1952 and 1957, making him the only Indian president to serve two terms, a testament to his popularity and credibility among the people.
During his presidency, Prasad upheld the principles of democracy and secularism. He supported initiatives that focused on India’s social and economic development, especially in rural areas, where he saw education and healthcare as priorities. He often visited remote villages and spoke with locals to understand their needs, reinforcing his image as a leader who cared deeply for the welfare of every Indian.
Personal Values and Legacy
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was known for his austere lifestyle, rooted in his belief in simplicity and self-discipline. Even as President, he led a frugal life, shunning luxuries and maintaining his commitment to Gandhian ideals. His integrity, commitment to public service, and dedication to the welfare of the Indian people earned him the title of the “Ajatshatru,” meaning one without enemies.
After retiring from the presidency in 1962, he returned to Bihar and devoted his time to writing and spiritual pursuits. He authored several books, including Satyagraha at Champaran and India Divided, which provide insights into his thoughts on Indian society, freedom, and governance.
Dr. Rajendra Prasad passed away on February 28, 1963. His death was a great loss to India, but his legacy endures in the form of a nation he helped build. His life is celebrated for the values he embodied—dedication, humility, and unwavering loyalty to the people of India.
Today, Dr. Rajendra Prasad is remembered as one of India’s most respected leaders, a patriot who shaped the nation with wisdom and foresight. His contributions to the freedom struggle and his role as the first President of India have left an indelible mark on Indian history. As a statesman, freedom fighter, and visionary, his life continues to inspire generations to serve their country with honesty and dedication.
