Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964) was an essential leader in India’s independence movement and became the first Prime Minister of independent India, shaping the nation with his vision of a modern, secular, and democratic society. Born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, Nehru received a distinguished education in England at Harrow, Cambridge, and Inner Temple in London. His early exposure to global politics influenced his ideals and commitment to India’s freedom from colonial rule.
Nehru joined the Indian National Congress and quickly rose as a leader alongside Mahatma Gandhi. He played a key role in several significant campaigns, including the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and Quit India Movement. Nehru’s ideology of Swaraj (self-rule) and his dedication to social justice defined his contributions to the freedom struggle, making him an iconic figure in India’s path to independence.
After independence in 1947, Nehru became India’s first Prime Minister, a position he held until his death in 1964. As Prime Minister, Nehru pioneered policies focused on economic growth, industrialization, and modern infrastructure, introducing public sector enterprises and championing major infrastructure projects like dams, steel plants, and India’s railways. Known as the architect of modern India, Nehru emphasized scientific advancement and education reform. His efforts to establish institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) created a foundation for India’s technical and scientific education system.
In foreign policy, Nehru’s vision of Non-Alignment during the Cold War kept India independent from major power blocs, making him a key founder of the Non-Aligned Movement. He promoted peaceful coexistence and strong diplomatic relations among newly independent nations. This policy established India as a global leader and strengthened its role on the world stage.
Nehru’s tenure was also marked by challenges, including the aftermath of Partition, communal tensions, and strained relations with China following the 1959 Tibetan crisis. Despite these challenges, he upheld India’s unity, democracy, and secular values.
Nehru’s legacy endures in his vision of a democratic India with a robust economy and progressive ideals. His inspiring “tryst with destiny” speech on the eve of independence encapsulates his dreams for India. Nehru passed away on May 27, 1964, but his influence continues to be felt across India’s political, social, and economic landscape.
