Biography:
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, one of India’s most distinguished sons, left an indelible mark on the country’s intellectual, cultural, and political landscape. Born on September 5, 1888, in Tiruttani, Madras Presidency, British India, Radhakrishnan’s life was a testament to his unwavering commitment to education, philosophy, and nation-building.
Early Life and Education (1888-1907)
Radhakrishnan was the second of five children to Sarvepalli Veerasamiah and Sitamma, a devout Telugu Brahmin family. His early education took place in Tirupati and Vellore, after which he attended Madras Christian College. At Madras Christian College, Radhakrishnan discovered his passion for philosophy, particularly under the guidance of Professor Alfred George Hogg. He graduated with a Master’s degree in Philosophy in 1907.
Academic Career and Philosophical Contributions (1907-1949)
Radhakrishnan’s academic career spanned over four decades, during which he taught philosophy at various institutions, including:
- Madras Presidency College
- University of Mysore
- University of Calcutta (1921-1931)
- Andhra University (Vice-Chancellor, 1931-1936)
- Banaras Hindu University (Vice-Chancellor, 1939-1948)
His philosophical works focused on Indian philosophy, particularly Advaita Vedanta. Notable publications include:
- “The Philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore” (1918)
- “Indian Philosophy” (1923-1927, 2 volumes)
- “The Hindu View of Life” (1927)
“Eastern Religions and Western Thought” (1939)
Political Career and Presidency (1949-1967)
Radhakrishnan’s entry into politics began with his appointment as Ambassador to the Soviet Union (1949-1952). He later served as:
- Vice-President of India (1952-1962)
- President of India (1962-1967)
As President, Radhakrishnan played a crucial role in promoting national unity, international cooperation, and educational reforms.
Legacy and Impact
Radhakrishnan’s legacy extends far beyond his academic and political contributions:
- Advocated for Indian culture and philosophy globally
- Encouraged educational reforms
- Fostered national unity and integration
- Promoted international cooperation and peace
Awards and Honors
Radhakrishnan received numerous awards and honors, including:
- Bharat Ratna (1954)
- Order of the Aztec Eagle (Mexico, 1954)
- Order of the Crown (Belgium, 1956)
Conclusion
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan’s life serves as a shining example of dedication, wisdom, and leadership. As we remember this visionary philosopher-president, let us draw inspiration from his words: “Education is not merely a means of earning a living; it is a preparation for life.”
